Se calcula que son necesarios 670.000 millones de dólares de gasto anual hasta 2030 para cumplir los objetivos sostenibles relacionados con el agua. Sin embargo, el hídrico es el riesgo en el que menos se ha avanzado. DWS forma parte de un grupo de trabajo del Foro Económico Mundial (WEF, por sus siglas en inglés) sobre “Inversiones transformadoras”. La iniciativa tiene como objetivo establecer nuevos enfoques para convertir los riesgos sistémicos globales en un rendimiento sostenible. El agua es uno de los seis riesgos sistémicos identificados por el WEF1.
Cómo se ha convertido en un riesgo importante
El agua es un recurso finito, con solo un 2,5% potencialmente utilizable para la vida en la tierra, destaca la gestora en un informe reciente. En los últimos 100 años, el agua per cápita ha disminuido significativamente como resultado del crecimiento de la población, al tiempo que su calidad se ha deteriorado. Hoy en día, 785 millones de personas carecen de una fuente básica de agua potable y 2.000 millones de personas utilizan una fuente de agua potable contaminada.
El agua está directamente relacionada con dos de los diecisiete ODS y se encuentra vinculada a muchos de los restantes. “Sin embargo, es muy probable que los objetivos en materia de agua para 2030 esbozados por las Naciones Unidas no se cumplan sin nuevas medidas más contundentes”, advierte.
Si bien el informe de la Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente para 2020 presenta un panorama optimista en cuanto a los objetivos de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero al afirmar que en gran medida están en camino, también señala que este año la mayoría de los objetivos relacionados con el agua se incumplirán y muchos de ellos muestran una tendencia al deterioro. “El hecho de que el 60% de las aguas superficiales europeas estén contaminadas 50 años después de que se redactara la primera Carta Europea del Agua en 1968 es una señal de que la mayoría de las políticas públicas hasta la fecha han fracasado”, apunta DWS.
El riesgo hídrico a nivel macro
En las dos últimas décadas, se han realizado importantes investigaciones para comprender los riesgos hídricos. En su opinión, la naturaleza poliédrica del agua, su importancia para la humanidad y los riesgos a los que nos enfrentamos están claros, pero los avances en el tratamiento de dichos riesgos son lentos.
“Nuestra incapacidad para abordar adecuadamente los riesgos del agua se debe probablemente a factores como la naturaleza fragmentada de su regulación, las características de las inversiones en agua y nuestra creencia equivocada de que es abundante y barata”, afirma. Además, la gestora considera que el crecimiento de la población, el cambio climático y “nuestra incapacidad para reparar los daños generados por las medidas adoptadas en el pasado” pueden empeorar aún más una situación ya negativa de por sí.
Cómo abordar el riesgo hídrico
A su juicio, la comunidad de inversores podría desempeñar un papel importante en el tratamiento de los riesgos hídricos: “Al final, nuestro rol fiduciario consiste en cuidar el capital, desplegar ese capital y asegurar unos rendimientos sostenibles”. En su informe, propone un enfoque ambicioso, pero pragmático, para abordar ese riesgo. Sin embargo, cree que existen muchos desafíos.
Para DWS, una “inversión transformadora” requiere una base sólida, que exija que los inversores pasen de un enfoque “de afuera hacia adentro” centrado en la forma en la que las cuestiones de sostenibilidad afectan a la gestión de los riesgos financieros a un enfoque “de adentro hacia afuera” que se sirva de la influencia de los inversores para un cambio positivo y transformador.
Puede leer el informe completo en este enlace.
1. WEF (May 2020). Transformation Investment: Converting Global Systemic Risks into Sustainable Returns. The other systemic risks include: climate change, population growth, geopolitical uncertainty, negative interest rates and technology disruption 2 FAO Water: A finite resource (1995) www.fao.org/3/u8480e/U8480E0c.htm 3 WHO (June 2019). Drinking water 4 SDG Index (July 2020). www.sdgindex.org/ 5 EEA (December 2019). The European Environment-state and outlook 2020
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