Why is the Italian Referendum Important?

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On December 4th, a constitutional referendum is to be held in Italy to vote on amending the Italian constitution. The referendum poses the question:

Do you approve the constitutional bill concerning the dispositions to overcome the perfect bicameralism, the reduction of the number of members of the Parliament, the restraint of the institutions’ operating costs, the abolition of CNEL and the revision of Titolo V of the 2nd part of the Constitution, which was approved by the Parliament and published on the Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 88, on April 15, 2016?

According to Columbia Threadneedle’s Philip Dicken and Andrea Carzana, over the longer term, reform in Italy is critical for increased economic growth and the ultimate well-being of the Italian people, but it is also important to the economy of Europe and the political stability of the EU.

Columbia Threadneedle believes investors should be very aware of the political risks as, in many parts of Europe they see dissatisfaction with globalisation, the rise of populism (and in some cases nationalism) and a frustration with incumbent politicians. Political risk is on the rise and investors need to get used to it they state. “Italy has many fine attributes but has struggled with low growth and political instability. Indeed, Renzi is the third Prime Minister in four years and his government is the 63rd in the past 70 years. If the referendum succeeds the hope is that Italy will have more stability in its political structure, opening the way to economic reforms which could allow the government to tackle several serious structural issues hindering economic growth.”

There are three areas of the economy which they believe need to be addressed:

  1. Labour and demographics – an ageing population with high unemployment amongst the young.
  2. Productivity – persistently low growth and productivity.
  3. Debt and leverage – high public sector debt and a poorly capitalised banking system, but a wealthy population.

They believe the consequences are:

YES VOTE

  • We believe that this will be received positively by markets, at least in the short term. Renzi would have a mandate for his reforms and would probably seek to amend the Italicum law to head off a possible Five Star win in the expected 2018 general election.
  • However, if Renzi is not able the change the Italicum law and Five Star continue to gain in popularity from their around 30% in the polls today, then there is an increased risk of a populist, anti-EU, anti-euro government in 2018.

NO VOTE

  • This would be negatively received in the short term, in our view, but the longer-term impact would be less clear.
  • Renzi could resign and a technocratic government be formed by the President, Sergio Mattarella. The new PM could again be Renzi who would continue to argue for reform, not least because the Italicum law would be neutered by the unreformed Senate retaining its power.
  • A technocratic government could be led by others or a general election could be called, both leading to periods of uncertainty.
  • Or, Renzi may not resign as threatened and simply continue as PM, albeit with reduced political capital.

 

Gauging Europe’s Political Risks

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Gauging Europe’s Political Risks
Wikimedia CommonsFoto: Niccolò Caranti. Evaluación de los riesgos políticos en Europa

Key European political events are now in focus as investors look for another potential populist backlash. The Italian constitutional referendum on Dec. 4 comes as the conservative candidate in France’s presidential election next year is being finalized. This week’s chart helps explain the market backdrop.

Deeper structural problems are the backdrop to Europe’s political challenges. As the chart shows, investors have shunned eurozone banks relative to global counterparts. Italian bond yields have risen versus German yields before the referendum, yet the narrow spread also highlights the European Central Bank’s (ECB’s) efforts to calm the 2010-12 debt crisis and revive growth.

Stagnation fuels populism

Italy’s referendum as well as presidential elections in Austria and France should show whether populist parties are gaining greater sway. Election polls have wrong-footed investors this year, yet we see a limited risk of populist governments arising.

Polls currently suggest the Italian referendum, supported by Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, is likely to be voted down. Any Renzi resignation afterwards should result in a caretaker government that is likely to focus on reforming Italy’s electoral law. A yes vote could spark a brief relief rally in regional bonds and bank shares, in our view. We see a strong “no” vote delaying any fixes to the country’s sick banking system and emboldening populist parties. In France, polls show the successful conservative candidate for president as the favorite in any contest with far-right populist Marine Le Pen in the final round next May.

Even if populists don’t win now, the economic stagnation and political frustrations driving their rise are still at play. Europe’s leaders face other big challenges: managing Brexit, the anti-trade backlash and the migration crisis.

We expect investors to remain pessimistic on Europe relative to upbeat U.S. reflation prospects. We are neutral on European government bonds and favor investment-grade debt due to the ECB’s ongoing purchases. We are underweight European equities on concerns about the growth outlook. Read more market insights in my Weekly Commentary.

Build on Insight, by BlackRock, written by Richard Turnill

BlackRock: “Flexible Income Strategies Have Never Made more Sense than They Do in the Present Environment”

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According to Rick Rieder, BlackRock’s Chief Investment Officer of Global Fixed Income, investing in flexible fixed income strategies has never made more sense than it does in the present environment. In a world in which developed market interest rates are extraordinarily low or even negative, and where monetary policy regimes diverge across the globe, Rieder believes that maintaining investment flexibility is vital to successfully navigating markets. In an interview with Funds Society, he talks about the lack of utility of the extraordinarily low interest rate levels for stimulating real economic growth, and the anticipation of a rate hike as the Fed to continue its path of slow interest rate normalization. Hereunder, his answers:

What does the most recent payroll growth slowdown mean for the timing of an interest rate hike?

Without question, payrolls growth in recent months has slowed from its extraordinary pace of recent years, but in our view, that has more to do with the economy’s approach toward full employment and the diminished ranks of qualified applicants searching for positions. Interestingly, this has also resulted in the improvement of wage levels, which are now running at an impressive 2.8% year-over-year, which is a clear representation of growing tightness in the labor markets. Overall, payrolls are fairly strong for this stage in the economic cycle, so with firming wages, and the modest increase in inflation that should follow, we think the Fed should be able to continue on its path of slow interest rate normalization.

Do you think a December rate hike is imminent and what would that mean for the broader economic outlook?

Understandably, the Fed held off from raising policy rates at its recent meeting, coming nearly a week before a highly contested general election in the U.S., but we do anticipate the Committee will make a quarter-point move in December. Still, we believe bond markets have largely priced in such a move, and the gradual rise in interest rates should have only a modest impact on the overall economic outlook. Indeed, as we have argued many times in the past, the utility of extraordinarily low interest rate levels has long since passed in stimulating real economic growth and for some time now has solely been influencing the financial economy as a price-supporting mechanism.

Does a flexible fixed income strategy still make sense in today’s environment?

In our view, flexible fixed income strategies have never made more sense than they do in the present environment. Indeed, we live in a world in which developed market interest rates are extraordinarily low (and in some cases, are negative), monetary policy regimes are continuing to diverge across the globe, a monetary-to-fiscal policy transition is potentially in the cards, and the inflation outlook is evolving globally. And that is to say nothing of the political and event risks that abound in the world today, or the fact that the sources of global growth are rapidly shifting by region. In this environment, we believe that maintaining investment flexibility is vital to successfully navigating markets, and within that framework, the critical importance of “globalizing” ones’ view of fixed income cannot be overstated.

What elements differentiate the BGF Fixed Income Global Opportunities Fund’s strategy from its peers?

For this strategy, we focus on generating consistent, attractive risk-adjusted returns through various market cycles while maintaining the risk profile of traditional fixed income investments. To do this, we invest in a diversified portfolio of beta and alpha sources, and aims to lower absolute risk while achieving attractive risk-adjusted returns. The fund employs BlackRock’s best ideas to identify attractive opportunities across global fixed income markets and is supported by the firm’s vast risk management platform and resources.

ECB QE Extension (Given a Lack of Alternatives)

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Fabio Balboni, European Economist at HSBC and his team expect the ECB to announce another six-month extension of QE at EUR80bn per month at its 8 December meeting. He believes that due to the recent rise in bond yields, this may only require increasing to 50% (from 33%) the limit for bonds without Collective Action Clauses (CACs). Nothing is certain, however, and there is a risk the ECB opts to wait a few months before extending, announces a shorter extension, or opts for another form of monetary stimulus altogether, although they think this is unlikely.

In their view, the underlying inflation situation warrants further easing. Despite a waning drag from energy prices, core and services inflation remain muted and they see few signs of emerging pressures in the key drivers of inflation (wages, pricing behaviour of firms). “We think financial markets got carried away about the European re-inflationary consequences of the US election result, as reflected by the rise in 5yr-5yr forward eurozone inflation swap rates.” He notes.

He believes though, that the ECB will be reluctant to withdraw the monetary stimulus before it sees signs of domestic inflation emerging in the eurozone and will be wary of repeating its 2011 mistake, when it tightened prematurely. Recent speeches, including by ECB head Mario Draghi, have hinted at possibly changing the policy mix, to achieve the most effective stimulus. “But we think the ECB currently has little alternative to QE. Deeper negative rates have potential negative implications for banks’ profitability. Bolder measures, like purchasing equities or NPLs (to spur bank lending) are unlikely at this stage.”

Although the marginal benefits of QE on financial conditions might be waning, it still plays a crucial role supporting fiscal policy via lower government bond yields. And calls for more outright fiscal expansion from the ECB and the European Commission have fallen on deaf ears, particularly in Germany where fiscal headroom exists.

The ECB will publish new forecasts in December. Not much has changed on the economic front since the last meeting, so they don’t expect any major revision to its growth and inflation forecasts. The ECB will, however, present for the first time its forecast for 2019, which Balboni suspects will be very close to 2% for inflation.

“The ECB might also address the question of tapering, using its new 2019 forecast as a hook to say how it intends to unwind QE. However, it’s unlikely they will want to tie their hands on a set date for tapering and the eventual exit should be well flagged.” He concludes.

The 3 Things to Know Before You Hit The Art Fairs This Week

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The 3 Things to Know Before You Hit The Art Fairs This Week
CC-BY-SA-2.0, FlickrJeff Koons Chica con delfín y mono, 2014 - Foto: Art Basel. Tres cosas que debes saber antes de lanzarte a las ferias de arte esta semana

Whether you are going to Art Basel Miami with or without your art advisor this week, the fairs are an excellent opportunity to view what’s hot in today’s contemporary art market. Tang Art Advisory´s senior art advisor Annelien Bruins shares in the firm´s blogg 3 tips to make an art fair experience as enjoyable as possible.

Prepare

If you are intent on thoroughly reviewing the art that’s on offer at the many fairs, make your life easy and do your homework in advance. View the floor plans of the fairs and mark your favorite galleries to make sure you don’t miss them once you get there (it is easy to get lost or overwhelmed). If you are interested in particular works, do some research or have your art advisor do it for you (i.e. on artnet.com) to have price points available.

Resist the pressure

With so many fellow art collectors and art enthusiasts roaming Miami Beach it is easy to feel pressured into buying a painting or sculpture on the spot. Try not to fall into this trap. If you are seriously considering a purchase, many galleries will allow you to reserve a piece for a limited amount of time. Use that opportunity for a stroll around Miami Beach to determine if you really want the work or if you could live without it.

Use your iPhone

You will have your iPhone with you so why not use it? When you see a work you like, take a photograph of it, as well as of the wall label and gallery sign. I find that keeping your photos in a certain sequence will make it easy to retrieve them and jog your memory the next day. It would be devastating if another collector scooped up the artwork of your dreams because you forgot which gallery had it on offer!

Andreas Markwalder, New Country Head of Switzerland at Schroders

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Andreas Markwalder will be appointed Country Head of Switzerland at Schroders, effective on 3 January 2017, bringing more than 22 years of industry experience to the role.

Andreas joins Schroders from GastroSocial, the largest Swiss pensions fund in terms of members with assets under management of CHF 6.3 billion. Prior to becoming CEO, he was Head of Investments for 13 years. Andreas sits on a range of boards of investment funds and is the founder of AFIAA, a global property fund with over 40 Swiss pension funds invested and assets under management of CHF 1.4bn.

Andreas Markwalder will be based in Zurich and will report to John Troiano, Global Head of Distribution. He succeeds Stephen Mills who has been in the Country Head role since the 1990s.

Stephen Mills will take on a new senior role within Schroders. He will become Chairman of Schroder Investment Management, continue on the board of Secquaero Advisers and take on a number of additional internal board responsibilities across Europe. He will lead our relationships with the largest Swiss distributors and work to develop our growing private asset business across Europe. Mills will report to John Troiano, Global Head of Distribution.

Further Schroders is also appointing Serge Ledermann, until recently Bank J. Safra Sarasin’s Head of Asset Management Switzerland, as Deputy Chairman on the Board of Schroder Investment Management AG Board.

John Troiano, Global Head of Distribution at Schroders, said:”We welcome Andreas to Schroders as Country Head of our Swiss business. The appointment of an executive with Andrea’s experience and deep financial industry knowledge highlights our continued commitment to growth in Switzerland. Stephen has built and led our successful and highly-regarded Swiss business for the last 33 years. His extensive knowledge, skills and experience within the firm, specifically in the area of managing relationships with large Swiss distributors, are highly valued.”

Stephen Mills, newly appointed Chairman of the Board of Schroder Investment Management (Switzerland) AG, said: “I am delighted that Andreas Markwalder will be joining Schroders. Andreas brings with him a wealth of knowledge and experience as a pension fund manager and innovator. I am also pleased to welcome Serge Ledermann to the Board of Schroder Investment Management (Switzerland) AG. With 30 years of experience in asset management and of the Swiss institutional business, Serge Lederman brings unparalleled expertise. We look forward to working with them both.”

Andreas Markwalder, newly appointed Country Head of Switzerland at Schroders, said: “During my time as CEO and Head of Investments at GastroSocial, l had the opportunity to witness first hand the quality and professionalism of Schroders. I am delighted to join the firm as the new Country Head of Switzerland and look forward to developing the business further.”

Trump Policies Could Affect New Housing Costs as New Buyers Enter the Market in 2017

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Trump Policies Could Affect New Housing Costs as New Buyers Enter the Market in 2017
Foto: Andy . Las políticas de Trump podrían afectar al mercado de viviendas en 2017

In 2017, recent trends will reverse course as the housing market’s economic recovery enters a new stage. According to Zillow, renting will become more affordable, more Americans will drive to work, and the homeownership rate will bounce back from historical lows. Millennials will play a significant role in increasing the homeownership rate. Nearly half of all buyers in 2016 were first-time buyers, and millennials made up over half of this group of buyers.

The 2017 real estate portal´s predictions include:

  1. Cities will focus on denser development of smaller homes close to public transit and urban centers.
  2. More millennials will become homeowners, driving up the homeownership rate. Millennials are also more racially diverse, so more homeowners will be people of color, reflecting the changing demographics of the United States.
  3. Rental affordability will improve as incomes rise and growth in rents slows.
  4. Buyers of new homes will have to spend more as builders cover the cost of rising construction wages, driven even higher in 2017 by continued labor shortages, which could be worsened by tougher immigration policies under President-elect Trump.
  5. The percentage of people who drive to work will rise for the first time in a decade as homeowners move further into the suburbs seeking affordable housing – putting them further from adequate public transit options.
  6. Home values will grow 3.6 percent in 2017, according to more than 100 economic and housing experts surveyed in the latest Zillow Home Price Expectations Survey. National home values have risen 4.8 percent so far in 2016.

“There are pros and cons to both existing homes and new construction, and the choice for home buyers can often be difficult. For those considering new construction in 2017, it’s worth considering the added cost that may come amidst ongoing construction labor shortages that could get worse if President-elect Trump follows through on his hard-line stances on immigration and immigrant labor. A shortage of construction workers as a result may force builders to pay higher wages, costs which are likely to get passed on to buyers in the form of higher new home prices,” says Dr. Svenja Gudell, Chief Economist, Zillow.

“Those looking for more affordable housing options will be pushed to areas farther away from good transit options, in turn leading more Americans to drive to work,” he adds. “Renters should have an easier time in 2017. Income growth and slowing rent appreciation will combine to make renting more affordable than it has been for the past two years.”

Funds Society Launches The ETF Usage Survey for Professional Investors in the Non-Resident Market

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Funds Society Launches The ETF Usage Survey for Professional Investors in the Non-Resident Market
Foto: Henri Bergius . Funds Society lanza la encuesta sobre utilización de ETFs para inversores profesionales en el mercado de no-residentes

Since their introduction two decades ago, ETFs have been extremely successful, growing far beyond their initial function of tracking large liquid indices in developed markets. Globally, ETFs hold US$3.38tr in assets, having come a long way from the US$79bn they held in the year 2000 (according to BlackRock’s Global ETP Landscape, September 2016)

Funds Society would like to know if, how, and when the international professional investors are using ETFs.

Responses from this will help us better understand attitudes and usage of ETFs, and share the findings of a growing investment tool with the international wealth and asset management community.

We kindly ask you to take some time in answering this survey, which you can access through this link. We will share its findings in a series of articles in Funds Society and publish a brochure summarizing our results.

To make this survey even more appealing… we are raffling a set of Oculus Rift Virtual Reality glasses among all the qualifying respondents who complete the survey.

We look forward to your participation in the survey.

ACCESS THE SURVEY.

Northstar Launches Range of Index-Linked Investment Plans

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Northstar Financial Services has added index-linked investment plans to its growing product range.

According to a press release, the Bermuda company believes that the Global Index Protect combines the benefits of 100% principal protection coupled with participation in the S&P 500 Index.

Clients have the choice of 5, 7 and 10 year durations and also the option of an annual lock-in feature, that ensures any annual gains in the index are captured and so the guaranteed payment at maturity is increased through the life of the contract.

The Global Index Protect is therefore designed for investors to whom preservation of capital is a priority, but who also wish to benefit from the positive performance of equity markets. As is the case with all Northstar investment solutions, clients also enjoy the benefits of a Bermuda trust structure, which include financial security and enhanced wealth transfer flexibility.

Northstar’s Global Head of Distribution, Alejandro Moreno, commented: “I am very excited at the prospect of introducing these new solutions to our distribution partners. The combination of guaranteed 100% principal protection and in some cases more than 100% of the upside potential of equity markets should prove to be an attractive proposition to our advisors and their clients and perfectly complement Northstar’s existing suite of variable and fixed-rate investment plans.”

Northstar’s Vice Chairman, Mark Rogers, commented: “The addition of Global Index Protect further demonstrates Northstar’s commitment to delivering innovative products to help serve the needs of our international clients more closely. I look forward to working with advisors on our enhanced range of solutions as we introduce Global Index Protect globally.”
 

Emerging Markets May be Down, but They’re Not Out

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    “When the facts change, I change my mind. What do you do, sir?”

These much-quoted words of John Maynard Keynes are appropriate in these surprising times. Back in October, I highlighted opportunities in emerging market stocks and bonds. In equities, I cited improving economic fundamentals and attractive price-to-earnings ratios, while in bonds I lauded their relatively high yields. Not anymore.

Last week our Asset Allocation Committee issued our revised asset allocation framework for global markets over the next twelve months. As a result of the unexpected victory by Donald Trump and the prospect of a unified Republican congress’s proposed economic program of lower taxes, looser regulatory burdens and increased fiscal spending, we raised our 12-month outlook for U.S. equities to slightly overweight. At the same time, we decided to lower our 12-month outlook for emerging market debt and equity.

Our new, more cautious approach towards emerging markets was driven by the realization that the environment had changed—and changed rapidly. Indeed, against a heady combination of higher US interest rates, a stronger dollar and the possibility of increasing tension over trade, we had no other option than to revisit our case for emerging markets. Investing in markets is a dynamic process. And, as Keynes observed, if a situation changes, it’s important that you have the flexibility to respond quickly.

Beyond the noise

But this change of heart is not a ‘deep sell’ mindset. There is still a robust, long-term case for investing in emerging economies and, following recent market movement, fixed income yields and equity P/E’s are more attractive than before. Indeed, while our emerging market stock and bond teams are both cautious about the short-term outlook, they continue to identify compelling opportunities within emerging markets over the longer term.

True, equities have sold off sharply and currency losses have been a major performance detractor. But it’s foolish to regard emerging markets as a monolithic block. There remain many pockets of value. Hard currency sovereign bonds, for example, are yielding 5.8% and commodities have continued their relative outperformance post the election. Indeed, over the longer term, pro-growth U.S. policies could benefit select emerging markets.

Possible trade constraints impact Latin America far more than Asia, for example. That’s because the ‘value add’ of Asian exporters is not easily replaceable. And if President Trump’s much-vaunted infrastructure spend becomes reality, this would increase the demand for select commodities and specialist engineering and technology skills. Finally, it’s also worth noting that if the US does ramp up its domestic energy and coal production, this will help emerging markets broadly as many are net consumers.

Elsewhere, China continues to be a source of concern. While the short-term position remains positive, there are risks that its recent stimulus measures have created bubbles and the devaluation of its currency is also causing anxiety, particularly in the Trump camp. Indeed, how China reacts over the next twelve months is vitally important, not just for emerging markets, but for all of us.

In the ditch

Against this backdrop, one sensible approach towards emerging market equities might be to tilt portfolios towards domestic companies trading at a reasonable price with low debt levels. This could help to minimize the threat of interest rate sensitivity and diminished global trade.

In debt markets, the Trump victory is undoubtedly having a negative impact as they experience the double-whammy of higher interest rates and growing risk aversion. However, the pickup in growth and the reduction in the account deficits of many emerging economies should help mitigate some of the downside risk.

Apart from being a renowned economist, Keynes was also an avid art collector. At the height of the First World War, he travelled to Paris to attend a fire-sale of Impressionist art. Among the paintings he purchased was one by Cézanne—Still Life with Apples. Back in England, he drove down to Sussex to visit his friends from the Bloomsbury Group. Close to their house, his car got stuck in the mud. Unable to carry all the paintings himself, Keynes left the Cézanne hidden behind a tree in a ditch, to be retrieved later.

Today, emerging markets may appear to be headed into the ditch. But they have higher average growth rates, more favorable demographics and possess better balance sheets than developed countries. Just like the Cézanne, in time they could appreciate in value.