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¿Existen indicios de que están repuntando los beneficios europeos? — Photo: KMR Photography. Equity Income: Why Big Is Not Necessarily Best When it Comes to Dividend Yield

In the current low interest rate, low growth environment investors are increasingly looking to equities for an attractive level of income. There are still lots of interesting investment opportunities around the world, but I believe investors should be wary about simply looking for the highest yields on offer.

Diversification

History shows that dividends from the highest-yielding stocks can often be unsustainable (as illustrated in the chart below). This is one of the reasons we believe that investing across a diversified list of moderate-paying companies that have the potential to offer both dividend and capital growth over the medium to long term is the best approach.

Sustainability

The chart below looks at the sustainability of dividend yields across developed markets between 1995 and August 2015 and highlights the risk of chasing high yields without considering the underlying strength of the company. It shows that, in general, an estimated yield above 6% is less likely to be realised, as seen by the difference between the red and grey bars, than a forecast yield of 6% or below.

Avoid value traps

We believe in avoiding value traps. This is because high-yielding equities can be more risky than their lower-yielding counterparts, particularly after a period of strong market performance (equity price rises push yields down). The high-yielding companies that are left are often structurally-challenged businesses or companies with high payout ratios (distributing a high percentage of their earnings as dividends) that may not be sustainable. An investor simply focusing on yields, or gaining exposure to this area of the market through a passive product, such as a high-yield index tracker fund, may end up owning a disproportionate percentage of these companies, which are often known as ‘value traps’.

We believe that an active, stock-picking approach is essential to equity income investing because it allows fund managers to analyse and understand which higher-yielding companies may have been undervalued by the market. To establish whether there is a real value opportunity we analyse a company’s earnings, strategy and the industry fundamentals to determine whether it is structurally at risk or whether it is just temporarily unloved, undervalued, or its earnings power underappreciated by the market.

Growing cash generation

Investors utilising a barbell investment approach, holding very high yield stocks to deliver income and very low dividend payers with more growth potential, may end up facing a greater than average number of dividend cuts than they appreciate. We prefer to spread risk by having a diversified portfolio of moderate dividend payers. Our focus is on investing in companies with strong and growing cash generation with the aim of finding attractive capital and dividend growth.

There are still plenty of opportunities for income investors with a global universe of more than 1,300 stocks in the MSCI All Country World Index that currently yield 2% or more. We focus on dividend paying companies that are generally yielding between 2% and 6%. This helps to ensure the yields we deliver to investors are at a healthy level and are suitably diversified with no reliance on any one sector or stock. This is in line with our philosophy of avoiding overvalued areas of the market.

Ben Lofthouse is a fund manager in a range of Equity Income mandates at Henderson.

Santander Private Banking Named “Best Private Bank 2015” in Latin America and Portugal, According to The Banker

Santander Private Banking, elegido 'Mejor Banco Privado 2015' en Latinoamérica y Portugal por la revista The Banker — Ángel Rivera, Senior Executive Vice-President and head of the Retail & Commercial Banking Division at Banco Santander.. Santander Private Banking Named "Best Private Bank 2015" in Latin America and Portugal, According to The Banker

The Banker magazine named Santander Private Banking the “Best Private Bank” in Latin America for the third consecutive year and in Portugal, for the first time. These awards acknowledge its specialized advisory service model for private banking customers.

Ángel Rivera, Senior Executive Vice-President and head of the Retail & Commercial Banking Division at Banco Santander, states, “One of the main focuses in the transformation process under way at Santander is specialization, with a unique offering and a personalized customer-care model, which provides solutions tailored to each customer. The Santander Private Banking model draws from the Group’s strengths and expertise. The private banker is the main point of contact for the customer and is backed by the Group´s commercial networks, multidisciplinary specialists and technological tools. Together, they help customers take investment decisions based on their unique profile and needs, consolidating a long-lasting relationship of trust.”

In addition to this recognition, Global Finance magazine named Santander Private Banking’s units in Portugal, Mexico and Spain as the “Best Private Bank 2015”.

Santander Private Banking offers services to local clients in Brazil, Chile, Spain, Italy, Mexico and Portugal, , and also offers services to international clients through its presence in the United States, Switzerland and the Bahamas.

Santander Private Banking ended 2014 with assets under management of USD 218.3 billion (up 11%) and a 3% increase in the customer base. Net funds raised amounted to USD 11.414 billion, up 57% on 2013. In Latin America, assets under management increased by 14% and the customer base was up 23%. In Portugal, assets under management rose by 8% and the number of customers grew by 10%.

Finance, Insurance & Real Estate Sectors: The Most Targeted in September for Cyber Attacks

Los sectores financiero e inmobiliario: los preferidos a la hora de diseñar ciberataques — Photo: Victor Camilo, Flickr, Creative Commons. Finance, Insurance & Real Estate Sectors: The Most Targeted in September for Cyber Attacks

The Finance, Insurance, & Real Estate sector was the most targeted sector during September, comprising 27 percent of all targeted attacks, accorging the new study by Symantec.

Large enterprises were the target of 45.7 percent of spear-phishing attacks in September, up from 11.7 percent in August.

China Explained

¿Qué le pasa a China? — CC-BY-SA-2.0, FlickrPhoto: Skyseeker. China Explained

The Chinese economy is in a transition phase as it works through the competing needs of growth, reform and deleveraging. Many of the country’s engines of growth are not firing as strongly; the export sector has been losing competitiveness for a number of years under the influence of rising wages and a strong currency. Meanwhile, investment expenditure is being held back by growing local government debt burdens and Communist Party officials scared to act because of the anti-corruption crackdown.

As a consequence, economic growth is being dragged southward. Concerned that growth is too weak, the government has announced that it will increase fiscal expenditure to boost activity levels.

Economy and policy driven by competing needs

But none of this is new to us − what is new are signs of change in the reform agenda. In 2013, the relatively new President Xi embraced market forces with welcomed initiatives such as the Hong Kong-Shanghai Stock Connect, which facilitates cross-border share trading, and promoting development of a bond market to reduce the reliance on banks for financing.

However, weakness over recent months in the stock and foreign exchange markets have been met by government intervention, aimed at supporting markets with measures including compelling brokers to buy stocks and prohibiting major shareholders from reducing their holdings. There has also been indirect intervention, for example imposing additional reserve requirements for banks when hedging renminbi for clients, with the aim of reducing speculation in the currency−essentially a mild form of capital control.

Policy pro-reform, action anti-reform

In theory, the reform agenda continues, but in practice the government’s actions are reflecting the Communist Party’s unwillingness to give up control, by exercising considerable financial muscle to influence the market forces it should be embracing. This is an important change and warrants close monitoring as it impacts the attractiveness of China to foreign investors.

Currency weakness is a new phenomenon

The liberalisation of the foreign exchange mechanism in China, with the aim getting the renminbi accepted into the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights (reserve currencies basket) is subjecting the currency to market forces. Early indications are that the government will utilise its vast foreign currency reserves to support the renminbi. However, as a consequence, this will cause a contraction in domestic money supply, which may undermine efforts to boost the economy with fiscal stimulus. It may also provide a window that encourages rich Chinese to take money out of China. These reasons strengthen the argument for a weaker renminbi.

Foreign investors have been used to a relatively strong Chinese currency. The renminbi was pegged to the US dollar from 1994 to 2005 and has appreciated in recent years − so currency weakness is a new headwind for overseas investors.

Summary

These developments mean it will be imperative to monitor government actions as much as policy rhetoric, while investors will be dealing with a new dynamic of a weaker Chinese currency. In the meantime, as China’s economy muddles along we believe the best approach is to continue investing in the strongest, best managed, cash generative businesses that stand to benefit as China’s economy transforms. One positive from this point of view is that owing to the macroeconomic pessimism, many of these companies are currently trading on attractive valuations and we will continue to seek to take advantage of this on behalf of investors.

Charlie Awdry is China portfolio manager at Henderson.

“We Definitely See More Opportunities in European Equities and Particularly in Small and Mid Caps than Three Months Ago”

UBS Global AM: “Vemos muchas más oportunidades en bolsa europea que hace tres meses, especialmente en small y midcaps” — Thomas Angermann. Courtesy photo. "We Definitely See More Opportunities in European Equities and Particularly in Small and Mid Caps than Three Months Ago"

Thomas Angermann is a member of the Specialist Equities Team at UBS Global AM, based in Zurich. Specifically he is responsible for the management of a number of Pan European small and midcap mandates. In this interview with Funds Society, he explains why the growth potential currently offered by Small Caps is higher than the one that can be found for Large Caps.

Do you think the current momentum is good for European Equities? Has the equity valuation improved after the market correction in August?

After the recent market correction the valuation for European equities looks interesting now. We definitely see more opportunities in European equities and particularly in Small and Mid caps than three months ago. We think the current correction is healthy as the market is pricing out the too high growth expectations.

Which will be the key factors for the revaluation? Which factor will have a greater importance: Profits, QE support or other macro factors?

Three main drivers should be mentioned. First, the potential earnings growth for the next year as well as the current expectations about this growth potential. Second factor, the Chinese economy, it seems we see first signs of stabilization, however we are still waiting for robust evidence on this. The adjustment from the pure investment driven economy of the past to a more balanced consumer driven economy of the future will take years. That will also create a lot of opportunities. The third factor is monetary policy by the central banks. We think they will stay accommodative but we do not count on any additional measures yet.

In general, what are the risks of short/medium tern correction in European stocks markets? In particular for Small Caps?

As before, three main risk drivers should be highlighted. The first risk we face are Emerging market turbulences. Specifically how the Emerging markets growth pattern will behave in the upcoming months and the level of volatility of EM currencies. We should keep an eye on how this will impact European export driven economies. The second driver is the behavior of the European consumer and to what extent it will remain supportive. A third risk factor would be given by central banks. However, as previously mentioned, we do not expect any upcoming change in their policies and it seems a first interest rate hike by the Fed is desired by the markets.

What extra value are Small Caps going to add vs. Large/Midcaps? Can Small Caps offer greater potential opportunities?

First of all the growth potential currently offered by Small Caps are higher than the one that can be found for Large Caps. Additionally Small Caps offer M&A opportunities, as in the current low growth environment larger companies might add growth by buying smaller companies. We expect that the M&A activity will increase, founding its main targets in the Small Caps universe rather than in the Large Cap world. A second factor is the daily volatility. Surprisingly during last months the volatility registered for Small Caps has often been lower than the one for Large Caps. However we will need further evidence of this pattern.

Is the SC sector affected anyway by general elections (such as the Spanish ones)?

Regarding elections, Small Caps sector is as much affected as the Large Caps sector is. We do not expect any remarkable long term impact coming from the Spanish political situation. However there might be short term effects.

Do you think that volatility will increase in the upcoming months? In this sense, which would be the consequences of a volatility increase regarding your investment style?

Since volatility has already been increased since end of last year with additional acceleration during August and September we do not expect further significant increases under current market conditions. However, in the case of a “Black-Swan-Event” (occurrence of something important which was not expected) we will see an further increase. Nevertheless we would not change our investment style and we would stick to our stock picking approach but would have an even closer look at our risk systems.

Signs That European Earnings Are Picking Up?

The Henderson Horizon Euroland Fund utilises a proprietary analytical screening tool to identify stocks that are being incorrectly priced and offer value in the market. This is a model that fund manager Nick Sheridan has been developing since he first started running money in the late 1980s. The model is based around four key metrics: ‘Dividends; Earnings; Net Asset Value; and Value of Growth’, with the portfolio constructed from those stocks that offer the most overall value. This article looks at the ‘Earnings’ pillar in more detail.

“Higher corporate earnings has been the missing piece of the puzzle for European equities, but this seems to have finally started to come through, with most companies at least in line with estimates during the latest earnings season. Loose monetary policy and quantitative easing (QE) have helped, as has the currency advantage provided by a weaker euro” points out Sheridan.

Furthermore, while the negative effects of falling energy costs are well known, for many companies (and particularly those involved in travel, transportation and retail, plus energy-intensive industries) lower energy costs provide a significant boost to net earnings, freeing up money to spend on expansion and employment. Indirectly, with consumers benefiting from what is effectively a tax cut, companies can also profit from a consequent boost to consumer spending, explain the portfolio manager.

But Sheridan warns that any assessment of earnings should be viewed with an element of caution, and as just one metric to assess the investment potential of a stock. While a company may offer a sustained level of earnings, this may already be reflected in its price, with the risk being that an investor may be forced to pay a premium for the stock.

Companies in the portfolio are likely to be durable, well-established names with experience of trading through varied economic and business conditions. This should help to make the fund’s earnings profile more robust. RELX, Bayer and ASM International are a few examples from the current portfolio.

Hedge Funds Bleeding Slowly versus Market Hemorrhage

Los hedge funds aguantan el tipo en septiembre — Photo: Michael Kooiman. Hedge Funds Bleeding Slowly versus Market Hemorrhage

The Lyxor Hedge Fund Index was down -1.4% in September. 3 out of 11 Lyxor Indices ended the month in positive territory. The Lyxor CTA Long Term Index (+4.0%), the Lyxor CTA ShortTerm Index (+2.3%), and the Lyxor L/S Equity Market Neutral Index (+0.4%) were the best performers.

In contrast with the sell-off by last fall, the current recovery process is proving more laborious. Continued soft macro releases, several micro turbulences (VW, GLEN, the US Healthcare) and signs that the Fed might be more concerned about global growth, drove markets to re-test the end-of-August lows. L/S Equity Long bias funds and Event Driven funds were yet again the main victims. Conversely, CTAs, Global Macro and L/S Equity funds with lower or variable bias, successfully navigated these challenging times.

“Quantitative easing combined with tighter regulation is growingly questioned. The former is boosting re-leveraging, the latter is trapping liquidity within banks. Both are increasing market risks. With few obvious growth gears in sight, we expect moderate and riskier asset returns.” says Jean-Baptiste Berthon, senior cross asset strategist at Lyxor AM.

Pressure remained on the L/S Equity Long bias funds. They continued to underperform, with broad markets bleeding back to the end-of-August lows. Their drawback accelerated by month-end on the healthcare sector’s debacle. They held their largest allocation in the non-cyclical consumers sectors (which includes healthcare stocks). The H. Clinton’s tweet, tackling drug prices hikes at one specialty-drug company, resulted in a sudden re-assessment of the whole sector’s revenues and M&A prospects. Indeed, these drug pricing anomalies reflect a broader transformation of the healthcare space since 2014. Since then, waves of Biotech and Generic companies’ acquisitions granted Pharma with much greater pricing power. The current correction might be bringing back M&A premiums and fundamental forecasts to a more sustainable profitability regime.

In contrast, Variable bias funds continued to successfully navigate a challenging space, in Europe especially. They finished the month only slightly down. They adequately not re-weighted yet their net exposure. Instead they actively traded around positions.

Market Neutral funds managed to weather the mid-month Fed sector repositioning. They also benefitted from wider quantitative factors differentiation, with Momentum outperforming Value. The short-term backdrop for the strategy remains riskier, less likely to profit from a potential rebound, and threatened by higher rotation risk, in the healthcare sector in particular.

Event Driven funds were again and by far, the main losers. Bargain hunting in the most beaten down securities allowed Event Driven to start the month on the right foot. However the valuation recovery didn’t last, caught up by the post-FOMC uncertainty. The losses accelerated in the last two weeks. In tandem with L/S Equity funds, they got hit by the healthcare meltdown. Strongly allocated through Merger arbitrage and special situation, the sector severely hit the whole Event Driven space. Valleant, Baxter, Allegan, Perrigo were amongst the largest return detractors.

L/S Credit Arbitrage funds’ returns were in line with the global index. The perception of risk remained elevated, factored in widening HY spreads, in the US especially. Lyxor L/S Credit funds remained reasonably conservative. There was volatility in cross credit Fixed-income arbitrage ahead of the Fed FOMC: this sub-strategy slightly underperformed.

CTAs, stars of the month. After being initially hit on their short energy exposures, CTAs then hoarded gains from their long bond exposures. With limited or negative exposures to equities, they dodged most of the market turmoil. They recorded small losses in FX and agricultural.

The sell-off since the end of August combined fundamental and technical drivers. CTAs’ involvement in the debacle was recently debated. Lyxor observes that Long term models cut their equity allocation to a conservative net exposure of 25% before the sell-off. During the sell-off, they further cut their equity exposure to around 5-10%: not a key factor in the selling pressure. During the sell-off, most Short term models further cut their about-zero net exposure down to -25%. The ST models move was more aggressive. But they manage a tiny portion of total CTAs’ AuM (less than 15% of the around $300bn CTAs’ total assets). The firm therefore see little evidence that CTAs were a substantial culprit for the equity sell-off.

By focusing on FX and rates, Global Macro dodged most of the September equity volatility. With limited exposure to commodities and shrinking allocation to equities (from 15 to less than 10% in net exposure), Global Macro dodged most of the September volatility. The bulk of their directional exposure was in the FX space. Their long in USD vs. EUR, GBP and CAD, produced marginally positive returns. Their market timing on rates added gains. They rapidly rotated their bond exposures back to the US, as it became probable that the Fed’s normalization process would be postponed.

Reflections on Market Volatility

Reflexiones sobre la volatilidad del mercado — Photo: Paramita. Reflections on Market Volatility

To say it has been a difficult quarter for investors would be an understatement, with markets and investor confidence experiencing the most significant weakness for many years. We have all read and heard about the challenges facing China, and the implications for the global economy, but the issues are broader than just how China and the developed world copes with the former’s inevitable slowdown. As I write, the MSCI World index (total return) is down 8.3% in Q3 in US dollar terms, although given the sharp falls in some sectors, it sometimes feels worse than that.

Depending on one’s starting point, we are now some seven or eight years on from the start of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). For what it’s worth, my reference point is the HSBC profit warning in February 2007 when it cut its profit forecasts due to the escalating bad loan experience in the then recently acquired US subprime lending division. Even if the crisis didn’t really start with a vengeance until 2008, history would suggest we are closer to the start of the next downturn than we are to the end of the last one.

The problem is that even with ultra-loose monetary policy with zero per cent interest rates and abundant liquidity from (effectively) global quantitative easing (QE), developed world economic growth is modest at best. On our forecasts, global growth is going to be only 3.5% in 2016, and will be much weaker than that in much of the developed world. In the US, the strongest developed market, growth forecasts continue to come under pressure, acting as a restriction on the authorities’ ability to start normalising interest rates. In Europe, growth could pick up but only to 1.5% next year, despite massive monetary stimulus, a much weaker euro, and a big fall in energy prices. Even in Japan, where QE is now running at over 14% of GDP per annum, growth and inflation are very hard to come by, with growth set to be no better than 1.5% next year.

This is why China matters so much; it has been such a significant driver of marginal growth. With credit-fuelled investment spending inevitably slowing down, or even potentially coming to a halt, the effects this has on the global economy and financial system are significant. For commodity prices, we have already seen the collapse in the oil price and in industrial metals more broadly as consumption has been curtailed. With new areas of supply for oil, and unwillingness by OPEC to cut production, the oil price has fallen to levels previously difficult to imagine. Although this is effectively a much-needed tax cut for Western consumers, so far they appear to be saving rather than spending their gains.

For the oil producers, the effects are potentially catastrophic, putting their budgets under enormous pressure and placing a spotlight on expensive (and now unaffordable) social welfare programmes. This in turn has placed downside pressure on many of the emerging market currencies, and many economies are being forced to implement pro-cyclical interest rate policies to protect their currencies from collapse. All of this is negative for global growth, and places the financial system under some pressure. How this will unfold is difficult to predict, but what we do know is that global economic growth forecasts will continue to be downgraded.

Why developed market growth is so weak, despite the numerous monetary stimuli, is difficult to explain. Maybe it is the invisible force of deleveraging as we grapple with the debt overhang built up during the ‘noughties’. Maybe it is unfavourable demographics or a lack of productivity improvements. Whatever the reason, a weaker China is bad news, because at the margin, its growth has been so important. One has to worry that, if global growth comes under real pressure, there is not much left that the authorities can do to stimulate the economy; interest rates are already at zero, QE has had a limited impact, and budget deficits restrict the ability of governments to spend their way out of trouble. Our central case is that China will slow to perhaps 5% GDP growth per year. This would mean we wouldn’t need to wait to find out what China does next on the policy front, as further major stimulus would probably not be required. Whatever the outcome, it seems clear that rates are going to stay lower for longer, and the end point for interest rates once they do start to rise will be much lower than in past cycles.

Before one gets too depressed, there is some good news resulting from this. After years of losing market share to passive providers, active managers are fighting back. This year in Europe and the UK, the average active manager is some 3-5% ahead of the index, and our own funds have mostly done better than that. Reflecting our cautious stance and investment style, we have been very underweight the large energy and resource stocks, and have observed as bystanders as the share prices of many once-mighty companies have collapsed under the weight of downgrade after downgrade. For those that are also badly financed, it could get worse from here, and one should expect some bankruptcies to follow. This has already been reflected in credit spreads, where high yield spreads have risen to nearly 600bps over gilts from a low of 300bps in 2014. In our opinion, robust stock selection, risk management and portfolio construction are going to be critical as the backdrop continues to deteriorate.

Thankfully, these are all areas where we believe we excel. Although we are now arguably in the most challenging macro and market backdrop since the onset of the GFC, we believe strongly that we are well placed to continue to deliver for our clients. We have been pleased with our performance versus our peers, and areas of weakness are few and far between. It is however a time for focus and vigilance, and we will be keeping that in mind at all times when managing portfolios.

Mark Burgess is CIO EMEA and Global Head of Equities at Columbia Threadneedle Investments.

Pioneer Investments: “We Must Open up The Range of Opportunities and Ideas in order to Generate Alpha”