The United States ranks 14th for retirement security, according to the 2016 Global Retirement Index, released by Natixis Global Asset Management. The index examines key factors that drive retirement security and provides a comparison tool for best practices in retirement policy across 43 countries.
Among the leading countries for retirement security identified by the Index, Northern Europe dominates the top 10, including Norway at No. 1, followed by Switzerland, Iceland, Sweden, Germany, The Netherlands and Austria. They are joined by New Zealand (No. 4), Australia (No. 6) and Canada (No. 10).
“Retirement used to be simple: Individuals worked and saved, employers provided a pension, and payroll taxes funded government benefits, resulting in a predictable income stream for a financially secure retirement,” said John Hailer, CEO of Natixis Global Asset Management in the Americas and Asia. “Demographics and economics have rendered the old model unsustainable, but the leaders in our index are finding innovative ways to adapt to the new reality and provide a blueprint for the rest of the world.”
The Natixis Global Retirement Index, introduced in 2013, creates an overall retirement security score based on four factors that affect the lives of retirees. Finances in retirement are an important component, but three other sub-indices that gauge material wellbeing, health, and quality of life are included to provide a more holistic view. With this year’s edition, Natixis has focused on a smaller number of countries than in the past, mainly developed economies where retirement is a pressing social and economic issue.
Despite many positives, warning signs clear for the U.S.
The U.S. ranking benefits from high per capita income, the stability of its financial institutions and its low rate of inflation, according to index data compiled by Natixis. In addition, the nation’s unemployment rate has moved lower, continuing a long-term trend.
In contrast to these positive factors, the U.S. also has one of the highest levels of income inequality among developed nations, putting the goal of retirement savings beyond the reach of millions. The U.S. also has a growing ratio of retirees to employment-age adults, which means there are fewer workers to support programs such as Social Security and Medicare, putting increasing pressure on those government resources over time. That trend, combined with the broader shift from defined-benefit to defined-contribution employer retirement plans, is transferring the burden of retirement financing to individuals.
Americans recognize the shift in funding responsibility
American investors are acutely aware of increasing the need for individuals to fund a greater share of retirement. In a survey of investors conducted by the firm earlier this year, 75% said this responsibility increasingly lands on their shoulders.
However, many Americans may be underestimating how much money they need to save in order to retire comfortably. Investors estimate they will need to replace only 63% of their current income when they retire, well short of the 75% to 80% generally assumed by planning professionals.
In addition, a large segment of Americans simply doesn’t have access to employer-sponsored savings programs such as 401(k) plans. The U.S. Department of Labor estimates that one-third of the nation’s workforce doesn’t have access to a retirement plan. A separate survey of participants in defined-contribution plans found that, even when they have access to a plan, four in 10 contribute less than 5% of their annual salary.
U.S. investors see clear hurdles to financial security in retirement, identifying their three greatest challenges as long-term care and healthcare costs, not saving enough, and outliving their assets. When asked how they would make up for an income shortfall, two-thirds of U.S. investors say they will continue to work in retirement.
“Americans must come to grips with their increasing responsibility for their own retirement security,” said Ed Farrington, Executive Vice President of Retirement Services for the asset management firm. “The leading nations in our research are developing effective solutions, but we also need greater commitment by decision makers, engagement by individuals and a willingness to learn from the experiences of other countries around the world.”